The research on the emergence of swarm intelligence plays an important role in people's understanding of the laws of nature， optimizing social management， and promoting knowledge innovation. The air and space defense system provides a new scene for the research and application of swarm intelligence. However， the aerospace defense system is a typical nonlinear system， and the controllable emergence of the system faces problems such as exponential explosion of state space， complex dynamic process model， and difficult performance analysis. Aiming at the battlefield defense scenario， this paper carries out the research on the controllable emergence mechanism of intelligent defense system for large-scale target response， complex task scenario adaptation， multi-task coordination and cooperation， and complex system design faced by the air and space defense system， explores the emergence mechanism of the air and space defense system， and provides a new perspective for improving the multi-target response capability， rapid scenario adaptation ability and effective coordination and cooperation among the elements of the air and space defense system.